实战教程（快速入门）
前言
软件开发定制定制本教程通过搭建一个简单项目，软件开发定制定制帮助读者快速入门Vue3项目实战，掌握Vue3、TS、Element Plus、axios等技术栈。
1.搭建
vue -V查看vue版本，需要在4.5.1版本之后，软件开发定制定制即可进行以下操作。
1.1 创建项目
（1）使用命令 vue create vue3-elementplus-demo 创建Vue项目。
（2）软件开发定制定制进入选项配置，选择 Manually select features，软件开发定制定制进行手动配置
（3）软件开发定制定制配置项如下
软件开发定制定制都选择完毕后，回车，软件开发定制定制项目即可创建完毕，使用VsCode软件开发定制定制或者按照提示进入和启动项目
1.2 软件开发定制定制清除多余文件，软件开发定制定制创建干净项目
（1）软件开发定制定制删除以下文件
（2）在views软件开发定制定制目录下创建Index.vue文件（后面处于方便，又将Index.vue修改成了Home.vue），内容如下：
<template> <div>首页</div></template><script>export default { name: 'Index'}</script><style scoped></style>- 1
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（3）修改router/index.ts路由文件：
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'import Home from '../views/Home.vue'const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [ { path: '/', name: 'Index', component: () => import('../views/Index.vue') },]const router = createRouter({ history: createWebHistory(process.env.BASE_URL), routes})export default router- 1
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（4）修改App文件：
<template> <div id="app"> <router-view /> </div></template><style>html,body,#app { width: 100%; height: 100%;}</style>- 1
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修改完毕后，查看效果
（5）新建css/resset.css文件（上网搜关键词reset.css就有），并在index.html文件中引入，初始化样式
/** * Eric Meyer's Reset CSS v2.0 (http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/) * http://cssreset.com */ html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td, article, aside, canvas, details, embed, figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary, time, mark, audio, video{ margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; font-size: 100%; font: inherit; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; } /* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */ article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section{ display: block; } ol, ul, li{ list-style: none; } blockquote, q{ quotes: none; } blockquote:before, blockquote:after, q:before, q:after{ content: ''; content: none; } table{ border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; } /* custom */ a{ color: #7e8c8d; text-decoration: none; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar{ width: 5px; height: 5px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track-piece{ background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); -webkit-border-radius: 6px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:vertical{ height: 5px; background-color: rgba(125, 125, 125, 0.7); -webkit-border-radius: 6px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:horizontal{ width: 5px; background-color: rgba(125, 125, 125, 0.7); -webkit-border-radius: 6px; } html, body{ width: 100%; font-family: "Arial", "Microsoft YaHei", "黑体", "宋体", "微软雅黑", sans-serif; } body{ line-height: 1; -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); } html{ overflow-y: scroll; } /*清除浮动*/ .clearfix:before, .clearfix:after{ content: " "; display: inline-block; height: 0; clear: both; visibility: hidden; } .clearfix{ *zoom: 1; } /*隐藏*/ .dn{ display: none; }- 1
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1.3 创建登录页面
创建LoginRegister.vue文件：
<template> <div class="container"> <!-- form表单容器 --> <div class="form-container"> <div class="signin-signup"> <!-- 登录 --> <h1>登录</h1> <!-- 注册 --> <h1>注册</h1> </div> </div> </div></template><script>export default { name: 'LoginRegister'}</script><style scoped>.container { position: relative; width: 100%; min-height: 100vh; background-color: #fff; overflow: hidden;}.form-container { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;}.signin-signup { position: relative; top: 50%; left: 75%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 44%; transition: 1s 0.7s ease-in-out; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; z-index: 5;}</style>- 1
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在路由中引入
查看效果：
2.创建（引入sass）
2.1 引入sass
（1）查看当前node版本
（2）引入对应版本的node-sass和sass-load
当前已知 node-sass 与 node 版本对应如下：
node-sass 和 sass-loader 的常见版本对应关系如下：
| node-sass | sass-loader |
|---|---|
| 4.3.0 | 4.1.1 |
| 4.7.2 | $7.0.3/7.3.1 |
| 6.0.1 | 10.0.1 |
（3）如果引入出现了问题，基本上就是node版本和sass版本不一致导致。此时需要创建一个新项目，将新项目中的package.json和package-lock.json复制到当前项目中，然后重新 npm i 即可。
2.2 创建404页面
（1）assets下创建img文件夹，加入404.gif
（2）创建404.vue
<template> <div class="not-found"> <img src="../assets/img/404.gif" alt="" /> </div></template><script>export default { name: '404'}</script><style lang="scss" scoped>.not-found { width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; img { width: 100%; height: 100%; }}</style>- 1
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（3）router/index.ts中通过正则表达式匹配匹配失败的路由为404页面
3.构建登录注册页面（引入element-plus）
3.1 实现布局左右切换动画
因为本篇文章主要讲解的是Vue3和element-plus的用法，css部分就省略说明，有兴趣的同学可以自行研究。
<template> <div class="container" :class="{ 'sign-up-mode': signUpMode }"> <!-- form表单容器 --> <div class="form-container"> <div class="signin-signup"> <!-- 登录 --> <h1>登录</h1> <!-- 注册 --> <h1>注册</h1> </div> </div> <!-- 左右切换动画 --> <div class="panels-container"> <div class="panel left-panel"> <div class="content"> <h3>Row,row,row your boat</h3> <p>Gentlely down the stream</p> <button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent"> 注册 </button> </div> <!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> --> </div> <div class="panel right-panel"> <div class="content"> <h3>Merrily,merrily,merrily,merrily,</h3> <p>Life is but a dream</p> <button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent"> 登录 </button> </div> <!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> --> </div> </div> </div></template><script>import { ref } from 'vue'export default { name: 'LoginRegister', components: {}, // Vue3语法糖 // Vue2是通过data和methods传递数据和方法 // Vue3将data和methods直接耦合在了一起 setup() { // 登录/注册模式 const signUpMode = ref(false) return { signUpMode } }}</script><style scoped>.container { position: relative; width: 100%; min-height: 100vh; background-color: #fff; overflow: hidden;}.form-container { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;}.signin-signup { position: relative; top: 50%; left: 75%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 44%; transition: 1s 0.7s ease-in-out; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; z-index: 5;}/* 左右切换动画 */.social-text { padding: 0.7rem 0; font-size: 1rem;}.social-media { display: flex; justify-content: center;}.social-icon { height: 46px; width: 46px; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; margin: 0 0.45rem; color: #333; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid #333; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.1rem; transition: 0.3s;}.social-icon:hover { color: #4481eb; border-color: #4481eb;}.btn { width: 150px; background-color: #5995fd; border: none; outline: none; height: 49px; border-radius: 49px; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 600; margin: 10px 0; cursor: pointer; transition: 0.5s;}.btn:hover { background-color: #4d84e2;}.panels-container { position: absolute; height: 100%; width: 100%; top: 0; left: 0; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);}.container:before { content: ''; position: absolute; height: 2000px; width: 2000px; top: -10%; right: 48%; transform: translateY(-50%); background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, #4481eb 0%, #04befe 100%); transition: 1.8s ease-in-out; border-radius: 50%; z-index: 6;}.image { width: 100%; transition: transform 1.1s ease-in-out; transition-delay: 0.4s;}.panel { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: space-around; text-align: center; z-index: 6;}.left-panel { pointer-events: all; padding: 3rem 17% 2rem 12%;}.right-panel { pointer-events: none; padding: 3rem 12% 2rem 17%;}.panel .content { color: #fff; transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out; transition-delay: 0.6s;}.panel h3 { font-weight: 600; line-height: 1; font-size: 1.5rem;}.panel p { font-size: 0.95rem; padding: 0.7rem 0;}.btn.transparent { margin: 0; background: none; border: 2px solid #fff; width: 130px; height: 41px; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.8rem;}.right-panel .image,.right-panel .content { transform: translateX(800px);}/* ANIMATION */.container.sign-up-mode:before { transform: translate(100%, -50%); right: 52%;}.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .content { transform: translateX(-800px);}.container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup { left: 25%;}.container.sign-up-mode form.sign-up-form { opacity: 1; z-index: 2;}.container.sign-up-mode form.sign-in-form { opacity: 0; z-index: 1;}.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .image,.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .content { transform: translateX(0%);}.container.sign-up-mode .left-panel { pointer-events: none;}.container.sign-up-mode .right-panel { pointer-events: all;}@media (max-width: 870px) { .container { min-height: 800px; height: 100vh; } .signin-signup { width: 100%; top: 95%; transform: translate(-50%, -100%); transition: 1s 0.8s ease-in-out; } .signin-signup, .container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup { left: 50%; } .panels-container { grid-template-columns: 1fr; grid-template-rows: 1fr 2fr 1fr; } .panel { flex-direction: row; justify-content: space-around; align-items: center; padding: 2.5rem 8%; grid-column: 1 / 2; } .right-panel { grid-row: 3 / 4; } .left-panel { grid-row: 1 / 2; } .image { width: 200px; transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out; transition-delay: 0.6s; } .panel .content { padding-right: 15%; transition: transform 0.9s ease-in-out; transition-delay: 0.8s; } .panel h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; } .panel p { font-size: 0.7rem; padding: 0.5rem 0; } .btn.transparent { width: 110px; height: 35px; font-size: 0.7rem; } .container:before { width: 1500px; height: 1500px; transform: translateX(-50%); left: 30%; bottom: 68%; right: initial; top: initial; transition: 2s ease-in-out; } .container.sign-up-mode:before { transform: translate(-50%, 100%); bottom: 32%; right: initial; } .container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .image, .container.sign-up-mode .left-panel .content { transform: translateY(-300px); } .container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .image, .container.sign-up-mode .right-panel .content { transform: translateY(0px); } .right-panel .image, .right-panel .content { transform: translateY(300px); } .container.sign-up-mode .signin-signup { top: 5%; transform: translate(-50%, 0); }}@media (max-width: 570px) { form { padding: 0 1.5rem; } .image { display: none; } .panel .content { padding: 0.5rem 1rem; } .container { padding: 1.5rem; } .container:before { bottom: 72%; left: 50%; } .container.sign-up-mode:before { bottom: 28%; left: 50%; }}/* 控制login & register显示 */form { padding: 0rem 5rem; transition: all 0.2s 0.7s; overflow: hidden;}form.sign-in-form { z-index: 2;}form.sign-up-form { opacity: 0; z-index: 1;}/* register */.loginForm,.registerForm { margin-top: 20px; background-color: #fff; padding: 20px 40px 20px 20px; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn { width: 100%;}.tiparea { text-align: right; font-size: 12px; color: #333; width: 100%;}.tiparea a { color: #409eff;}</style>- 1
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3.2 引入element-plus
（1）下载element-plus包：
npm i element-plus- 1
（2）在main.ts中引入
3.3 使用element-plus表单组件
（1）setup中加入登录表单loginUser
setup() { // 登录/注册模式 const signUpMode = ref(false) // 登录表单 const loginUser = reactive({ email: '', password: '' }) return { signUpMode, loginUser } }- 1
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（2）使用表单组件
<!-- 登录 --><el-form :model="loginUser" label-width="100px" class="login-form sign-in-form"> <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"> <el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"> <el-input v-model="loginUser.password" type="password" placeholder="Enter Password..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button type="primary" class="submit-btn">提交</el-button> </el-form-item> <!-- 找回密码 --> <el-form-item> <p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p> </el-form-item></el-form>- 1
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3.4 表单验证
（1）表单验证
关键代码：
// 校验规则const rules = reactive({ email: [ { required: true, type: 'email', message: 'email格式错误', trigger: 'blur' } ], password: [ { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' }, { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' } ]})- 1
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（2）点击提交触发表单验证
关键代码：
<template> <div class="container" :class="{ 'sign-up-mode': signUpMode }"> <!-- form表单容器 --> <div class="form-container"> <div class="signin-signup"> <!-- 登录 --> <el-form :model="loginUser" :rules="rules" ref="loginForm" label-width="100px" class="login-form sign-in-form" > <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"> <el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"> <el-input v-model="loginUser.password" type="password" placeholder="Enter Password..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button @click="handleLogin('loginForm')" type="primary" class="submit-btn" >提交</el-button > </el-form-item> <!-- 找回密码 --> <el-form-item> <p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p> </el-form-item> </el-form> <!-- 注册 --> <!-- <h1>注册</h1> --> </div> </div> <!-- 左右切换动画 --> <div class="panels-container"> <div class="panel left-panel"> <div class="content"> <h3>Row,row,row your boat</h3> <p>Gentlely down the stream</p> <button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent"> 注册 </button> </div> <!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> --> </div> <div class="panel right-panel"> <div class="content"> <h3>Merrily,merrily,merrily,merrily,</h3> <p>Life is but a dream</p> <button @click="signUpMode = !signUpMode" class="btn transparent"> 登录 </button> </div> <!-- <img src="@/assets" alt=""> --> </div> </div> </div></template><script>import { ref, reactive, getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'export default { name: 'LoginRegister', components: {}, // Vue3语法糖 // Vue2是通过data和methods传递数据和方法 // Vue3将data和methods直接耦合在了一起 setup() { // 通过解构getCurrentInstance，获取this，这里的this就是ctx const { ctx } = getCurrentInstance() // 登录/注册模式 const signUpMode = ref(false) // 登录表单 const loginUser = reactive({ email: '', password: '' }) // 校验规则 const rules = reactive({ email: [ { required: true, type: 'email', message: 'email格式错误', trigger: 'blur' } ], password: [ { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' }, { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' } ] }) // 触发登录方法 const handleLogin = (formName) => { console.log(ctx) ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => { if (valid) { console.log('submit!') } else { console.log('error submit!') return false } }) } return { signUpMode, loginUser, rules, handleLogin } }}</script>- 1
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点击提交，完成验证：
4.类型匹配和代码抽离
4.1 代码抽离
创建utils文件夹和loginValidators.ts文件，将LoginRegister.vue中的loginUser和rules剪切抽离到该文件中，LoginRegister.vue再通过import导入。测试正常运行。
loginValidators.ts：
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'// 登录表单export const loginUser = reactive({ email: '', password: ''})// 校验规则export const rules = reactive({ email: [ { required: true, type: 'email', message: 'email格式错误', trigger: 'blur' } ], password: [ { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' }, { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' } ]})- 1
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4.2 类型匹配
4.2.1 ts文件类型匹配
将鼠标悬浮在 loginUser 的 reactive 上，可以看到对应的类型提示，写入interface User 并复制提示。rules重复操作。
import { ref, reactive } from 'vue'interface User{ email: string; password: string;}// 登录表单export const loginUser = reactive<User>({ email: '', password: ''})interface Rules{ email: { required: boolean; type: string; message: string; trigger: string; }[]; password: ({ required: boolean; message: string; trigger: string; min?: undefined; max?: undefined; } | { min: number; max: number; message: string; trigger: string; required?: undefined; })[];}// 校验规则export const rules = reactive<Rules>({ email: [ { required: true, type: 'email', message: 'email格式错误', trigger: 'blur' } ], password: [ { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' }, { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' } ]})- 1
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此时如果将字段修改为不符合规范的类型，则会有报错提示
这对于初次使用ts的同学可能不太适应，认为完全没有必要。但是这其实对于大型项目的维护来说，相对比js友好许多。
4.2.2 vue文件中的ts类型匹配
（1）在script标签中加入lang="ts"标识，发现参数都没有类型匹配。
（2）类型匹配
1、对于any类型的变量——ctx，使用// @ts-ignore进行类型忽略
2、对于其他类型的变量，在变量后加入:类型即可，比如formName:string和valid:boolean
5.抽离登录组件
（1）创建组件LoginForm.vue，将LoginRegister.vue中的表单内容（包括组件、数据、方法和样式，顺便对样式做了点优化）复制到该文件中。
LoginForm：
<template> <!-- 登录 --> <el-form :model="loginUser" :rules="rules" ref="loginForm" label-width="100px" class="login-form sign-in-form" > <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"> <el-input v-model="loginUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"> <el-input v-model="loginUser.password" type="password" placeholder="Enter Password..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button @click="handleLogin('loginForm')" type="primary" class="submit-btn" >提交</el-button > </el-form-item> <!-- 找回密码 --> <el-form-item> <p class="tiparea">忘记密码<a>立即找回</a></p> </el-form-item> </el-form></template><script lang="ts">import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'export default { name: 'LoginForm', props: { loginUser: { type: Object, required: true }, rules: { type: Object, required: true } }, setup() { // 通过解构getCurrentInstance，获取this，这里的this就是ctx // @ts-ignore const { ctx } = getCurrentInstance() // 触发登录方法 const handleLogin = (formName: string) => { console.log(ctx) ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid: boolean) => { if (valid) { console.log('submit!') } else { console.log('error submit!') return false } }) } return { handleLogin } }}</script><style scoped>/* register */.login-form,.register-form { background-color: #fff; padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn { width: 100%;}.tiparea { text-align: right; font-size: 12px; color: #333; width: 100%;}.tiparea a { color: #409eff;}</style>- 1
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6. 实现注册表单
其实完全可以仿照登录组件的写法，先在LoginRegister.vue中写出form组件，填充form数据，实现表单验证，最后再抽离出来。但是如果已经熟练的话，建议可以直接分为3个部分写完（ts——对应的数据和验证规则，component——组件，vue——引入到父组件中）
6.1 创建注册表单ts——存放注册表单及其验证规则
创建registerValidator.ts文件，用于存放注册表单及其验证规则。
可以先复制之前的loginValidator.ts文件的内容，然后进行修改（注意确认密码password2的验证规则写法）。
registerValidator.ts：
import { reactive } from 'vue'interface RegisterUser{ name:string; email: string; password: string; password2: string; role:string}// 登录表单export const registerUser = reactive<RegisterUser>({ name:'', email: '', password: '', password2: '', role:''})interface RegisterRules{ name: { required: boolean; message: string; trigger: string;}[]; email: { required: boolean; type: string; message: string; trigger: string; }[]; password: ({ required: boolean; message: string; trigger: string; } | { min: number; max: number; message: string; trigger: string; })[]; password2: ({ required: boolean; message: string; trigger: string; } | { min: number; max: number; message: string; trigger: string; } | { validator:(rule: RegisterRules, value: string, callback: any)=>any; trigger:string })[]; role: { required: boolean; message: string; trigger: string;}[];}const validatePass2 = (rule: RegisterRules, value: string, callback: any) => { if (value === '') { callback(new Error('请再次输入密码')) } else if (value !== registerUser.password) { callback(new Error("两次输入的密码不一致!")) } else { callback() }}// 校验规则export const registerRules = reactive<RegisterRules>({ name: [ { required: true, message: '用户名不得为空', trigger: 'blur' } ], email: [ { required: true, type: 'email', message: 'email格式错误', trigger: 'blur' } ], password: [ { required: true, message: '密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' }, { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' } ], password2: [ { required: true, message: '确认密码不得为空', trigger: 'blur' }, { min: 6, max: 30, message: '密码长度必须在6到30之间', trigger: 'blur' }, { validator: validatePass2, trigger: 'blur' } ], role: [ { required: true, message: '角色不得为空', trigger: 'blur' } ],})- 1
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完成后将 registerUser 和 registerRules 引入到LoginRegister.vue中备用。
6.2 创建注册表单组件
创建注册表单组件RegisterForm.vue，模仿或者直接复制LoginForm.vue组件，稍作修改（包括样式、数据和方法）
<template> <!-- 登录 --> <el-form :model="registerUser" :rules="registerRules" ref="registerForm" label-width="100px" class="register-form sign-up-form" > <el-form-item label="用户名" prop="name"> <el-input v-model="registerUser.name" placeholder="Enter Name..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"> <el-input v-model="registerUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"> <el-input v-model="registerUser.password" type="password" placeholder="Enter Password..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="password2"> <el-input v-model="registerUser.password2" type="password" placeholder="Enter Password again..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="角色" prop="role"> <el-select v-model="registerUser.role"> <el-option label="管理员" value="admin"></el-option> <el-option label="用户" value="user"></el-option> <el-option label="游客" value="visitor"></el-option> </el-select> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button @click="handleRegister('registerForm')" type="primary" class="submit-btn" >提交</el-button > </el-form-item> </el-form></template><script lang="ts">import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'export default { name: 'registerForm', props: { registerUser: { type: Object, required: true }, registerRules: { type: Object, required: true } }, setup() { // 通过解构getCurrentInstance，获取this，这里的this就是ctx // @ts-ignore const { ctx } = getCurrentInstance() // 触发登录方法 const handleRegister = (formName: string) => { console.log(ctx) ctx.$refs[formName].validate((valid: boolean) => { if (valid) { console.log('submit!') } else { console.log('error submit!') return false } }) } return { handleRegister } }}</script><style scoped>/* register */.login-form,.register-form { background-color: #fff; padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn { width: 100%;}.tiparea { text-align: right; font-size: 12px; color: #333; width: 100%;}.tiparea a { color: #409eff;}</style>- 1
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6.3 在LoginRegister.vue中引入使用
最后在LoginRegister.vue中引入使用即可
7. 封装axios
7.1 下载axios
（1）使用命令npm i axios下载axios
7.2 封装axios
创建utils/http.ts文件，用于封装axios请求（为了避免混乱，所以取名http.ts，不过叫做axios也无不可）。
http.ts：
import axios,{AxiosRequestConfig,AxiosResponse} from 'axios'import { ElLoading } from 'element-plus'import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'let loading:any;const startLoading = () =>{ interface Options{ lock: boolean; text: string; background: string;} const options:Options = { lock: true, text: 'Loading', background: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7)' } loading = ElLoading.service(options)}const endLoading = ()=>{ loading.close()}// 请求拦截axios.interceptors.request.use((config:AxiosRequestConfig<any>)=>{ // 开始Loading startLoading() return config})// 响应拦截axios.interceptors.response.use((res:AxiosResponse<any, any>)=>{ // 结束Loading endLoading() // console.log('成功响应拦截',res) // 如果请求成功直接返回响应数据 if(res.status === 200){ return res.data }},error=>{ // 结束Loading endLoading() // console.log('失败响应拦截',error) const { response: res } = error const msg = typeof res.data === 'string' ? res.data: res.data.error || '请求失败，请稍后重试' ElMessage.error(msg) // 错误提醒 return Promise.reject(error)})export default axios- 1
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7.3 解决跨域问题（配置vue.config.js，设置代理）
创建vue.config.js文件，配置如下：
module.exports = { devServer: { open: true, host: 'localhost', port: 8080, https: false, hotOnly: false, // 设置跨域 proxy: { '/api': { target: 'http://imissu.herokuapp.com', ws: true, changeOrigin: true, pathRewrite: { '^api': '' } } }, before: (app) => {} }}- 1
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7.4 使用axios发起请求
API地址：
7.4.1 创建api文件夹，规范使用api（推荐）
（1）创建api/loginRegister.ts，引入axios，规范export注册接口
import axios from '@/utils/http'// 注册接口export function register(params: any) { return axios({ url: '/api/v1/auth/register', method: 'post', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8' }, data: params })}- 1
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（2）在注册组件中使用
<template> <!-- 登录 --> <el-form :model="registerUser" :rules="registerRules" ref="registerForm" label-width="100px" class="register-form sign-up-form" > <el-form-item label="用户名" prop="name"> <el-input v-model="registerUser.name" placeholder="Enter Name..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="邮箱" prop="email"> <el-input v-model="registerUser.email" placeholder="Enter Email..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"> <el-input v-model="registerUser.password" type="password" placeholder="Enter Password..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="确认密码" prop="password2"> <el-input v-model="registerUser.password2" type="password" placeholder="Enter Password again..." /> </el-form-item> <el-form-item label="角色" prop="role"> <el-select v-model="registerUser.role"> <el-option label="管理员" value="admin"></el-option> <el-option label="用户" value="user"></el-option> <el-option label="游客" value="visitor"></el-option> </el-select> </el-form-item> <el-form-item> <el-button @click="handleRegister('registerForm')" type="primary" class="submit-btn" >提交</el-button > </el-form-item> </el-form></template><script lang="ts">import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'import { register } from '@/api/loginRegister'// import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus'export default { name: 'registerForm', props: { registerUser: { type: Object, required: true }, registerRules: { type: Object, required: true } }, setup(props: any) { // 通过解构getCurrentInstance，获取this，这里的this就是ctx // @ts-ignore const { ctx, proxy } = getCurrentInstance() const router = useRouter() // 触发登录方法 const handleRegister = (formName: string) => { console.log(ctx) ctx.$refs[formName].validate(async (valid: boolean) => { if (valid) { // const res = await proxy.$http({ // url: '/api/v1/auth/register', // method: 'post', // headers: { // 'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8' // }, // data: props.registerUser // }) const res = await register(props.registerUser) proxy.$message.success(res.data) router.push('/') } else { return false } }) } return { handleRegister } }}</script><style scoped>/* register */.login-form,.register-form { background-color: #fff; padding: 50px 80px 20px 20px; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: 0px 5px 10px #cccc;}.submit-btn { width: 100%;}.tiparea { text-align: right; font-size: 12px; color: #333; width: 100%;}.tiparea a { color: #409eff;}</style>- 1
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登录功能模仿注册功能即可。
7.4.2 全局注册axios（不推荐，也没必要）
（1）在main.ts中全局挂载axios
import axios from '@/utils/http'app.config.globalProperties.$http = axios- 1
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（2）在注册组件中使用，关键代码：
// @ts-ignoreconst { ctx, proxy } = getCurrentInstance()const res = await proxy.$http({ url: '/api/v1/auth/register', method: 'post', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8' }, data: props.registerUser})- 1
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（3）不推荐的原因是，随着版本的更替，貌似axios全局挂载的位置也发生了变化，之前是在ctx，之后的版本又换成了proxy；另外一个原因是，这种方式不便于一个接口多处使用，复用性较差。
8.总结
Vue3 和 Vue2 的几个明显的区别：
（1）Vue2使用的选项式API，Vue3使用的是组合式API。前者随着项目页面体积的增大，对于代码的管理会给使用者带来更大的心智负担；后者组合式的写法，将data和methods等组合在一起，更容易理解和使用。不过对于初学者而言，可能会有些不太适应。
（2）Vue2使用的js构建的源码和使用方式，Vue3使用ts构建的源码，使用方式也支持ts，对于大型项目而言，更加友好，不过对于小型项目而言，往往使用者无法一下子看出ts对于强类型支持带来的好处，相反会觉得麻烦和没有必要。
（3）由于该项目是为了简要说明Vue3和Vue2在页面中的区别，方便急于使用Vue3的同学构建项目和页面，所以没有将Vue3更多的特性展示出来。在下一篇文章中，将会通过一个更加完整的项目，对Vue3的更多其他特性以及和Vue2的区别进行深入的解析和说明，敬请期待。